基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年和2018年数据，运用PSM-DID模型，采用贫困脆弱性识别农村居民的相对贫困状态，考察农村医疗保险制度对农村居民的相对贫困治理效应。研究发现：农村医疗保险制度具有良好的相对贫困治理效应，能够显著、稳健地降低农村居民陷入相对贫困的概率。异质性分析发现，农村医疗保险制度显著降低了35～54岁农村居民陷入相对贫困的概率，对16～34岁、55岁以上两组农村居民影响不显著；低收入农村居民陷入相对贫困的概率显著提升17.1%，中、高收入农村居民陷入相对贫困的概率分别下降18.3%、40.3%。通过及时改进贫困识别方法，积极促进医疗保险服务个性化，合理引导农村居民金融市场参与等措施，进一步提高农村医疗保险制度的相对贫困治理效应。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2010 and 2018, using PSM-DID model, this paper uses poverty vulnerability to identify the relative poverty status of rural residents in order to investigate the effect of rural medical insurance system on the relative poverty governance of rural residents. The results show that: The rural medical insurance system has a good effect of relative poverty governance, which can significantly and steadily reduces the probability of rural residents falling into relative poverty. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the rural medical insurance system has significantly reduced the probability of 35~54 years old rural residents falling into relative poverty, but has no significant impact on the two groups of rural residents aged 16~34 and over 55 years old; the probability of low-income rural residents falling into relative poverty has increased by 17.1%, while the probability of middle-income and high-income rural residents falling into relative poverty has decreased by 18.3% and 40.3% respectively. In order to improve the relative poverty governance effect of rural medical insurance system, we should improve the poverty identification method in time, actively promote the individualization of medical insurance services, and reasonably guide rural residents to participate in the financial market.

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