为研究种层厚度对油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的影响,该文运用EDEM(engineering discrete element method)软件和高速摄像技术,对不同种层调节板倾角和种层厚度的种群运动与供种性能进行了仿真与试验研究。EDEM仿真分析了种层厚度与转速对种群压力、种群与供种机构切向力和充种数量的影响；台架试验研究了种层厚度对充填角和供种性能的影响。结果表明:倾角为60°种层调节板的种群压力较大,充填角和充种性能均较优；种群压力和切向力随纵向距离增加而增加,随横向距离增加而降低；随转速增加,种群压力趋于稳定,切向力随之增加,单个型孔充种数量降低5%。转速为10～50 r/min时,初始充填角、充填角和供种速率均随纵向距离增加和横向距离降低而增加,但充种数量变异系数呈先降后升的趋势。种群压力、切向力、初始充填角、充填角与供种速率均呈极显著正相关,种群压力和切向力与初始充填角和充填角均呈极显著正相关,种层厚度和转速影响充填角分别源于种群压力和切向力。在纵向距离分别为15和20 mm,横向距离为46 mm条件下,油菜、小麦供种速率变异系数和破损率分别均低于1.0%和0.1%。田间试验表明该优化种层厚度条件下的集排器油菜种植密度满足农艺种植要求。该研究明确了种层厚度影响油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的原因,为油麦兼用集排器供种装置种层厚度调节和结构改进提供了参考。

Seed feeding device determines the seeding performance of the air?assisted centralized metering system.Seed filling performance is the key parameter to affect feeding quality of seed feeding device.As seeds′ flow properties and compressive force significantly affect seed filling performance, the effects of seed layer thickness on filling performance for rapeseed and wheat were studied in this research.EDEM(engineering discrete element method) software was used for simulating the filling performance and high speed camera technology was used for executing the experiment.Adjustable regulating plate was adjusted for seed layer thickness under different treatments.In EDEM simulation, the experimental factors were inclined angle of adjustable regulating plate with 3 levels(ranging from 50° to 70°), longitudinal distance of regulating plate with 6 levels(ranging from 0 to 25 mm), lateral distance with 3 levels(ranging from 42 to 50 mm) and rotational speed with 5 levels(ranging from 10 to 50 r/min) in single?factor test.Seeds′ compressive force, tangential force and number of seeds in model?hole were used as test indices in simulation.Bench test was performed on test rig by using Huayouza 62 and Zhengmai 9023 as materials, while field experiment was carried out in the modern agriculture science park of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2015.The 3 inclined angles of adjustable regulating plate, 2 longitudinal distances and 3 lateral distances were evaluated for seed filling performance at 5 rotational speeds (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 r/min).Angles of adjustable regulating plate were 50°, 60° and 70° using complete randomized design (one?factor), longitudinal distances were 15 and 20 mm and lateral distances were 42, 46 and 50 mm with two?factor full factorial test.Seeds′ initial filling angle, filling angle which was measured by high speed camera using pco.dimax HD system, seed feeding rate, coefficient of variation of seed feeding rate and damage rate were dependent variables in bench experiments.The relationships between seed feeding rate, coefficient of variation of seed feeding rate and seeds′ compressive force, tangential force, filling angle were analyzed.Results showed that: 1) Seeds′ compressive force, seed filling angle and feeding performance of regulating plate with the angle of 60° were better than other parameters.Seeds′ compressive and tangential force increased with the increase of longitudinal distance and the decrease of lateral distance.Coefficient of variance of seeds′ number decreased and then rose up.Seeds′ compressive force was generally stable and tangential force increased with the increase of rotational speed.The number of seeds in each model?hole decreased by 5% with the rotational speed increasing of 10 r/min.2) When rotational speed was within the range of 10~50 r/min, seed initial filling angle, filling angle and seed feeding rate rose with the increasing of longitudinal distance and the decreasing of lateral distance.In addition, the coefficient of variation of seed feeding rate decreased and then rose up with the increasing of longitudinal distance and the decreasing of lateral distance.Seeds′ compressive force, tangential force and seed filling angle were positively and significantly correlated with seed feeding rate.Effects of seed layer thickness and rotational speed on seed filling angle mainly resulted from compressive force and tangential force, respectively.Regarding the agronomic requirements, the ideal parameters were longitudinal distance of 15 and 20 mm for rapeseed and wheat, and lateral distance of 46 mm.Under the combination condition of optimum seed layer thickness, the coefficient of variation of seed feeding rate and the damage rate for the seed feeding device were less than 1.0% and 0.1%, respectively.3)Field experiments demonstrated that planting density was 38~50 plants per square meter and their coefficient of variation was 10.64% using the air?assisted centralized metering device under the condition of optimum seed layer thickness.Results showed that the use of this metering device made the emergence performance of rapeseed meet the agronomic requirements.This study investigated the mechanism of seed layer thickness which affected seed filling performance in seed feeding device for rapeseed and wheat.The investigation of seed layer thickness in this research can provide the basis for optimizing the structure of regulating plate and improving the feeding performance.

S223.2+3

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575218、51275197、51405180)；国家油菜产业体系专项资助项目(CARS-13)；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2662015PY133)