为了考察碎叶轮、剥叶轮及断尾轮转速对甘蔗剥叶断尾效果的影响规律,设计并制造了作业转速可调的甘蔗割后集成作业试验台,并进行甘蔗剥叶断尾试验。采用二次回归通用旋转组合试验设计方法,以碎叶轮转速、剥叶轮转速和断尾轮转速为试验因素,以甘蔗未剥净率、断尾率、伤皮率和未折断率为试验指标,利用SAS9.3软件进行回归分析和响应面分析,研究单因子及交互效应对响应值的影响规律；结合非线性优化的计算方法,对试验台各工作部件的工作参数进行优化计算,确立影响甘蔗剥叶断尾质量的最佳参数组合为:碎叶轮转速为512.9 r/min、剥叶轮转速为418.8 r/min、断尾轮转速为307.0 r/min,此时未剥净率为4.98%、断尾率为88.39%、伤皮率为5.19%、未折断率为96.21%,试验验证表明未剥净率为4.86%、断尾率为90%、伤皮率为4.78%、未折断率为97.50%,试验验证与理论结果一致,因此所建立的回归模型合理,对设计与提高整杆式甘蔗收获机的收获质量有重要参考价值。

As the most important procedures during sugarcane harvesting, leaves cleaning and tails severing are influenced by different growth height and lodging status, and the operating speeds of the rollers not only affect the operating efficiency of the sugarcane harvester, but also influence the quality of harvesting.In order to investigate the effect laws on the quality of peeling leaves and breaking tails of leaf?crushing impeller, leaf?cleaning impeller and tail wheel, the leaf?crushing and tail?breaking system was designed and manufactured for sugarcane harvester test bench after sugarcane harvesting.In the system, elastic wire springs were arranged uniformly on the leaf?crushing impellers, the outer edge of the leaf?cleaning impeller were installed with rubber plates, and the severing tail components on the tail wheels were elastic rib.As the test bench works, the rolling leaf?crushing impeller, leaf?cleaning impeller and tail wheel lacerated and peeled leaves attached tightly on the canes by producing centrifugal and frictional force.According to the mechanical properties that anti?deformation and impact resistance of the tails were significantly lower than other parts, the anti?float mechanism was designed for breaking tails, the groove of the circular arc can prevent the lateral movement and ensure the smooth transportation of the sugarcane.The experiments of peeling leaves and breaking tails of sugarcanes were conducted in Zhejiang University, 2015.A quadratic general rotary unitized design was carried out with leaf?crushing impeller speed, leaf?cleaning speed and tail wheel speed as experimental factors, and with non?cleaning rate, tail broken rate, skin broken rate and non?break rate as experiment indices.By using SAS 9.3 regression analysis method, response surface method and combined with nonlinear optimization calculation method, the working parameters were calculated optimally, and the optimal factor combination was established.The results indicated that, the tail?broken rate and skin broken rate were influenced by the speeds of the three impellers significantly, however, the non?break rate was influenced by the speed of tail wheel only, but it had no effect on the non?cleaning rate.The contribution rate order of non?cleaning rate was leaf?crushing impeller speed, leaf?cleaning speed and tail wheel speed.The contribution rate order of tail broken rate was tail wheel speed, leaf?crushing impeller speed and leaf?cleaning speed.The contribution rate order of skin broken rate was tail wheel speed, leaf?cleaning speed and leaf?crushing impeller speed.The contribution rate order of non?break rate was tail wheel speed, leaf?cleaning speed and leaf?crushing impeller speed.The optimum parameter combination of the test bench after optimization was 512.9 r/min of leaf?crushing impeller speed, 418.8 r/min of leaf?cleaning speed and 307.0 r/min of tail wheel speed.At this level, non?cleaning rate achieved theoretical optimum value of 4.98%, tail broken rate was 88.39%, skin broken rate was 5.19% and non?break rate was 96.21%.Verification experiment showed that the experimental value of non?cleaning rate was 4.86%, tail broken rate was 90%, skin broken rate was 4.78% and non?break rate was 97.5%, which indicated that the experimental values were consistent with predicted results, and regression models established by the experiment were appropriate, which can provide references to design whole?stalk sugarcane harvester and improve the harvesting quality.

S225.5+3

公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003009-8)