结合人居环境理论，基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查村居数据，运用主成分分析方法从生态环境、基础设施、公共服务、住房条件、文化环境五个维度对乡村人居环境质量进行评价，并进一步从自然地理条件、社会经济属性和社会资本属性三个层面分析了乡村人居环境质量的影响因素。结果表明:乡村人居环境质量整体较高，但各维度呈现显著差异，生态环境、基础设施取得了明显成效，而文化环境、公共服务、住房条件还存在一定短板；区域性分析表明，东部乡村人居环境治理效果明显好于中部和西部地区，区域内差异对总体差异的贡献率为83.78%；平原地形、劳动力外流减少、集体经济发展、村干部管理经验、村庄党员数量、返乡人员捐赠能显著提升乡村人居环境质量。建议加大对中西部地区的财政倾斜力度、健全人才流动渠道、壮大集体经济、积极培育新乡贤、健全自治机制，以进一步提升乡村环境治理效果。

Based on the Theory of Human Settlements and the rural settlements data in China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016 (CLDS), this paper evaluates the quality of rural human settlements from five dimensions of ecological environment, infrastructure, public services, housing conditions and cultural environment with principal components analysis(PCA), and further analyzes influencing factors of rural human settlements quality from three aspects of natural geographical conditions, social and economic attributes and social capital attributes. The results show that the overall rural human settlements is in high quality, with significant differences in each dimension. The building of the ecological environment and infrastructure has achieved remarkable results, but some shortcomings still exist in cultural environment, public services and housing conditions. Regional analysis shows that the effect of rural human settlements governance in eastern China is significantly better than that in central and western regions, with the contribution rate of regional differences to the overall difference at 83.78%. Plain terrain, reduced labor outflow, development of collective economy, village cadre management experience, the number of Communist Party of China and the donation from returnees can significantly improve the quality of rural human settlements. It is recommended to give more financial support to the central and western regions, improve the talent flow channels, strengthen the collective economy, actively cultivate new township talents, and improve the self-government mechanism to further enhance the rural environmental governance performance.

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