基层政府与普通民众是基层协商的两大关键主体。基层政府回应性影响基层民众参与度，两者共同影响基层协商的运行。所以，回应性协商构成了基层协商有效运行的重要路径。在官僚本位逻辑下，基层政府回应性弱，表现为回避性回应，基层民众受其影响缺位参与，协商中政府与民众缺乏互动，形成排斥型协商，协商效果差；在行政逻辑下，基层政府回应性较弱，表现为行政性回应，基层民众消极参与，政府与民众单向交流，形成动员型协商，协商效果较差；在治理逻辑下，基层政府回应性强，表现为治理性回应，基层民众积极参与，政府与民众良性互动，形成包容型协商，协商效果良好。政府回应性可以动态变化，从低回应性转向高回应性，民众参与度会随之增强，基层协商也会从排斥型协商转向包容型协商，协商效果逐渐改善。

The grassroots government and ordinary people are the two key subjects of grassroots consultation. The responsiveness of the grassroots government affects grassroots people’s participation, and together they influence the operation of grassroots consultation. Hence, responsive consultation constitutes an important path for the effective operation of grassroots negotiation. Under the bureaucratic-based logic, the grassroots government’s weak responsiveness manifests iteself as an avoidance response, under the impact of which the grassroots people are absent from participaton. The lack of interaction between the government and the people in the consultation leads to an exclusive consultation with poor negotiative effects. Under the administrative logic, the grassroots government’s weaker responses manifest as an administrative response with the grassroots people’s passive participation. One-way communication between the government and the people forms a mobilized consultation, with worse negotiative effects. Under the governance logic, the grassroots government makes a strong response, presenting itself as a governance response with the grassroots people’s active participation. The benign interaction between the government and the people forms an inclusive negotiation with better negotiative effects. The governmental responsiveness can change dynamically from low responsiveness to high responsiveness with corresponding enhanced public participation. Grassroots consultations will shift from exclusive consultations to inclusive consultations with improved consultation effects.

C912.82

教育部人文社科青年基金项目（17YJC810013）