基于安徽省粮食主产区299份种植户调查数据，构建技术效率损失模型，运用一步随机前沿分析法研究秸秆还田对小麦生产技术效率的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：秸秆还田组技术效率均值显著高于秸秆离田组，且技术效率值大于0.9的种植户主要集中在秸秆还田组；秸秆还田对小麦生产技术效率的提升有正向作用，且这种作用结果在选择不同作物秸秆还田和估计方法进行检验时依然稳健；秸秆还田影响技术效率的路径分为参加秸秆还田技术培训和选择标准化机械还田，且这两条路径对技术效率均呈现正向作用。

Based on 299 farmer survey data in the main grain producing areas of Anhui Province, the technical efficiency loss model was constructed, and by using the one-step random frontier analysis method, the effect of straw returning on wheat production technology efficiency and its mechanism had been studied. The results show that: the mean value of technical efficiency of straw returning group is significantly higher than that of straw-off field group; those farmers whose technical efficiency value is greater than 0.9 are mostly from the straw returning group; straw returning to the field has a positive effect on improving the efficiency of wheat production technology; this effect result is still stable when choosing different crops for straw returning and estimation methods for testing; there are two different paths of straw returning affecting the technical efficiency: participating in technology training of straw returning and selecting standardized machinery for straw returning; both two paths have a positive effect on the technical efficiency.

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