结合贫困归因类型学，利用2017年中国社会状况综合调查数据，分析我国居民贫困归因的特征、类型及影响因素。总体上，我国居民较多把贫困归因于能力不足和懒惰等个体原因，较少强调命运或社会因素，人们认同残障、教育低、家庭条件差和社会关系缺乏等致贫观点的比例居中。基于分类主成分分析方法，研究发现我国居民贫困归因呈现五种类型：个体缺陷型、命运禀赋型、个体能力型、文化禀赋型和社会制度型，家庭禀赋可能构成新型贫困归因维度。回归分析结果表明，性别、年龄、收入、社会救助、社会地位、教育程度、政治面貌、民族、宗教信仰及福利态度等因素对贫困归因具有显著影响，且城乡存在一定差异，但区域背景的影响不显著。建议进一步探究居民贫困观念形成背景，增加贫困原因调查题项，激发受助者内生脱贫动力和合力构建防止返贫长效机制。

Based on the typological framework of poverty attribution, and using Chinese Social Survey (CSS) data to measure Chinese people's poverty attribution. Statistics show that Chinese people tend to attribute poverty to individual reasons such as low ability and laziness, and few agree that destiny or social factors lead to poverty. The study also found that Chinese people’s poverty attribution is presented in five types: individual defect type, destiny endowment type, individual ability type, cultural endowment type and social system type. The regression analysis results show that relevant factors such as gender, age, income, social assistance, social status, education, party membership, ethnicity, religious beliefs, and welfare attitudes have a significant impact on Chinese people’s poverty attribution, but the influence of regional characteristics is not significant.

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