基于2013—2019年中国四大肉牛优势产区不同规模肉牛养殖户的生产投入、产出数据，运用Malmquist指数和成本效率模型，从分配效应和价格效应两方面测定肉牛养殖成本效率变动及异质性。研究表明：近年肉牛养殖投入要素价格呈上涨趋势，肉牛产业面临的成本压力进一步增大；不同规模肉牛养殖的投入要素成本和价格存在一定差异性。肉牛养殖整体上表现出成本效率下降，规模差异明显，大规模、小规模、中规模下降程度依次递减，投入物质要素价格负效应明显。中原产区和西南产区肉牛规模养殖成本效率上升，西北产区和东北产区各规模养殖成本效率均下降。整体上，相对于散养方式，肉牛规模养殖的投入冗余较低；在劳动力同质假设下，肉牛规模养殖劳动力投入冗余度最高。

Based on the production input and output data of beef cattle farmers of different scales in China’s four major advantageous beef cattle production areas from 2013 to 2019, the cost efficiency change and heterogeneity of beef cattle farming have been measured from distribution effect and price effect perspectives by applying the Malmquist index and cost efficiency model. The study shows that the price of beef cattle farming input factors has shown a rising trend in recent years, cost pressure of it has increased and the input factor cost and price of different scales of beef cattle breeding were at variance. Beef cattle farming as a whole has shown a decrease in cost efficiency and significant scale differences. The big-scale, small-scale and middle-scale beef cattle farming have declined in descending order. The input factor cost has shown negative impact. The farming price of different-scale beef cattle farming in central plains and southwest regions has increased while that in the northwest and northeast areas has decreased. On the whole, compared with free ranging, scale beef cattle farming has low investment redundancy while scale beef cattle farming has the highest labor input redundancy under the assumption of labor homogeneity.