基于新人力资本理论，构建“随迁-环境质量-农民工子女认知能力”的分析框架，利用中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）2013—2014学年与2014—2015学年两期追踪数据，采用教育增值模型实证分析随迁对农民工子女认知能力的影响。研究发现，随迁显著促进农民工子女认知能力的提升，内生性与稳健性检验依然支持这一结论。随迁对受教育程度较低的农民工家庭内子女的认知能力提升效应更明显。进一步利用条件分位数回归进行异质性分析发现，随着农民工子女自身认知能力的不断增强，随迁的认知能力提升效应愈加明显，但这一提升效应对高分位点的农民工子女促进作用有限。

Based on the New Human Capital Theory, this paper constructs the analysis framework of “Migration-Environmental Quality-Cognitive Ability of Migrant Workers’ Children”, adopts the survey data of China Education Panel Survey(CEPS) in the 2013- 2014 and 2014 - 2015 academic years, empirically analyzes the effect of migration on the cognitive ability of migrant workers’ children with educational value-added model. The results show that migration significantly enhances the cognitive ability of the children living with migrant workers, with the conclusion supported by the endogenity and robustness test and the remarkable effect on the cognitive improvement of the children of migrant workers with low education level. Further use of conditional quantile regression for heterogeneity analysis finds that with the continuous improvement of migrant workers’ children’s cognitive ability on their own, the improvement effect of migration on the cognitive ability of migrant workers’ children is more obvious;however, such promotion effect on the children of migrant workers with high quantile is limited.