[关键词]
[摘要]
基于广西富川瑶族自治县一个平地瑶村落的田野调查,分析了平地瑶祖孙三代生育态度的代际差异及其原因。在生育观方面,平地瑶三代人都表现出对生育的执着态度,但是生育目的存在差异,相比祖辈和父辈,平地瑶青年人生育的社会动机已超越经济动机成为最主要的生育动机,情感动机的内涵也变得更加丰富。在生育意愿方面,平地瑶三代人都盼望儿女双全且表现出对男孩的偏好,但是随着代际推移,男孩偏好有所弱化,意愿初育年龄推迟,意愿生育数量减少,对生育质量越来越重视,生育方式越来越多元等。养育成本和结婚成本的提高、民族文化的传承与变迁、社会制度和性别观念的改变、生育政策和妇幼政策的影响以及新一代年轻人的出现是导致平地瑶生育态度变迁的社会文化根源。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Based on the field work in a Pingdi Yao village in Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, this paper analyses the intergenerational differences of fertility attitudes and their reasons in Pingdi Yao. In terms of the fertility concepts, the three generations of Pingdi Yao all show a persistent attitude towards reproduction, with divergence in fertility intentions. Compared with their grandparents and parents, social motivation of the young Pingdi Yao’s fertility has surpassed economic motivation to be the primary one, and the connotations of their emotional motivation have greatly been enriched as well. In terms of fertility willingness, the three generations of Pingdi Yao all look forward to having sons and daughters, showing a strong preference for having a boy. But with the passage of time, intergenerational differences manifest themselves in the weakened preference for boys, delayed intended age of giving birth to the first baby, decreasing intended fertility number, growing attention to the fertility quality, and diversified childbirth methods. The social-cultural roots of Pingdi Yao’s fertility attitude transformation lie in the increasing costs of nurture and marriage, the inheritance and transition of ethnic cultures, changes in social systems and gender conceptions, the influences of birth policies and maternal and children policies, and the emergence of a new young generation.
[中图分类号]
C912.82
[基金项目]