从农村基础设施存量的角度出发采用三阶段DEA模型测算了2014—2018年湖南省50个贫困县（区）农村基础设施的农民增收效率及其县域差异。结果表明：外部环境因素对农村基础设施的农民增收效率有显著影响，其中，城镇化水平的提高和产业结构优化有利于提高农民增收效率水平，而农村劳动力转移会降低农村基础设施的农民增收效率水平。环境因素调整后整体效率得分有所提高，规模效率水平变化较明显，纯技术效率值较稳定，总技术效率受规模效率的影响略有提高。仅有8个贫困县（区）在纯技术效率水平和规模效率水平方面都表现较好，其余42个县（区）在不同方面不同程度地有待提升。

From the perspective of rural infrastructure stock, the efficiency of rural infrastructure in poor areas on the income growth of the farmers and the difference of it in different counties (districts) in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2018 have been analyzed by using three-stage DEA model. The results show that the external environmental factors have a significant impact on the efficiency of rural infrastructure on the income growth of the farmers, among which the improvement of urbanization level and the optimization of industrial structure are conducive to increasing farmers’ income efficiency level, and the transfer of rural labor force reduces the efficiency of rural infrastructure in poor areas on the income growth of the farmers. With the adjustment of environmental factors, the overall efficiency score increases, the scale efficiency level changes obviously, the pure technical efficiency value remains stable, and the total technical efficiency improves slightly due to the influence of scale efficiency. Only eight poor counties (districts) performed well in pure technical efficiency level and scale efficiency level while the remaining forty-two counties (districts) needed to improve in many different aspects.

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