协商民主的有效运行离不开具备相应协商能力的协商主体。精准识别有效的协商主体与建构适用的协商能力框架，是准确理解中国乡村社会协商民主有效的重要视角。从主体角度看，高参与性—强公共性的积极责任型代表是乡村社会协商民主有效的理想类型；从能力角度看，积极责任型代表需要具备“高质量协商能力”与“外部效应实现能力”，两种能力的不同组合及其内部要素的具备情况，会导致不同的乡村社会协商民主有效性。当前，甄选积极责任型代表并促进高质量协商能力与外部效应实现能力全面均衡发展，将是今后乡村社会协商民主高质量发展的重要路径。

The effective operation of consultative democracy is inseparable from the negotiation subject with the corresponding consultative ability. The accurate identification of effective negotiation subjects and the construction of an applicable consultation ability framework are important perspectives to accurately understand the effectiveness of consultative democracy in rural China. From the perspective of the subject, the active and responsible representative with high participation and strong public commonality is the ideal type for the effective rural consultative democracy. From the perspective of ability, the active and responsible representative needs to possess “high-quality consultation ability” and “external effect realization capacity”, and the different combinations of the two abilities and the availability of their internal elements will generate different effectiveness of consultative democracy in rural society. At present, selecting active and responsible representatives and promoting the comprehensive and balanced development of high-quality consultation capabilities and external effect realization capacity will be an important path for the high-quality development of consultative democracy in the future rural society.

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