当前我国对自然保护地农民所采取的无差别的生态移民搬迁、资源权利限制、生态保护补偿标准致使农民生存和发展权不当丧失、经济和政治权利过度限缩。基于自然保护地分级管理分区管控的管理体制与农民第一性权利到第二性权利的权利谱系，对农民权利进行类型化保护具有可行性。在不同自然保护地领域，建议以继续居留权保障农民的第一性权利（生存权），以共同管理权弥补农民的第二性权利（政治权利）。在同一自然保护地内部，核心保护区内建议以生态保护补偿权弥补农民的第一性权利（生存权）与第二性权利（经济权），一般控制区内建议以传统资源权和特许经营权保障农民的第一性权利（发展权）与第二性权利（经济权）。

At present, the non differential ecological migration and relocation, the non differential restriction of resource rights, and the non differential compensation standards for ecological protection adopted by the farmers in nature reserves have led to the improper loss of farmers' right to survival and development, and the excessive restriction of economic and political rights. Based on the management system of graded management and zoning control of nature reserves and the right pedigree of farmers' first right to second right, it is feasible to carry out type protection of farmers' rights. In the field of different natural reserves, it is suggested that the right of continued residence should be used to protect the farmers' primary rights (right of subsistence), and the right of joint management should be used to compensate for the farmers' secondary rights (political rights). Within the same nature reserve, it is suggested to use the ecological protection compensation right to make up for the farmers' first right (survival right) and second right (economic right) in the core protection area, and the traditional resource right and franchise right to protect the farmers' first right (development right) and second right (economic right) in the general control area.

D912.4

国家社会科学基金一般项目（16BFX031）；江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目（2022SJZD001）