农民动员缺位和参与性不足的“最后一公里”困境是制约农村公共品供给效率的关键因素。研究发现，项目制供给中的政府包揽代建模式内含着行政替代组织的实践逻辑，会由于基层村社组织的失语和脱嵌陷入动员困境，引发项目进村实践梗阻。“赋能型供给”的基层创新实践是对政府包揽代建模式的优化，实现了从“替代组织”到“赋能组织”的逻辑演变。地方政府能够在项目分类基础上，优化项目进村的建管制度，将小微项目下放到村社内部，由行政村和村民小组进行自主治理。“赋能型供给”是政府以村庄对项目的依赖性为基础，通过适度放权和有节制的行政干预，从资源、权力和规则三个层面，以属地化包干、约束型自主和制度化参与实践机制为基层村社组织进行综合赋能，使其成为国家与农民之间的联结中介和动员载体。通过重塑国家—基层村社组织—农民的互动结构，形成一个可以深入农村社会进行强动员的基层组织体系，有效化解“最后一公里”难题，提升公共品供给效率。“赋能型供给”创新实践为项目制背景下如何实现农村公共品的有效供给提供了一个可行思路。

The "last mile" dilemma of lack of farmers' mobilization and participation is the key factor restricting the efficiency of rural public goods supply. The study found that the government's entrusted construction model in the project-based supply contains the practical logic of administrative substitution of organizations, and will fall into the mobilization dilemma due to the aphasia and absence of grass-roots village community organizations, which will lead to obstacles in the practice of projects entering the village. The grassroots innovation practice of "enabling supply" is an optimization of the government's entrusted construction model, realizing the logical evolution from "replacement organization" to "enabling organization". On the basis of project classification, the local government can optimize the construction and management system for projects entering the village, and delegate the authority of small and micro projects to the village community, and the administrative village and villager groups can conduct autonomous governance. Based on the village's dependence on the project, the government through moderate decentralization and restrained administrative intervention, from the three levels of resources, power and rules, with localized contracting, constrained autonomy and institutionalized participation in the practice mechanism as the grassroots village community organization. Carry out comprehensive empowerment to make it a connection intermediary and mobilization carrier between the state and farmers. In the process of entering the village, the project will reshape the interaction structure between the state, the grass-roots village community organization and the villagers, and form a grass-roots organization system that can deeply mobilize the rural society, effectively resolve the "last mile" problem, and improve the efficiency of public goods supply. The innovative practice of "enabling supply" provides a feasible idea for how to realize the effective supply of rural public goods under the background of the project system.

D422.6

国家社会科学基金青年项目（20CSH050）