从认知语言学视角考察英语专有名词普通化现象。通过分析相关语言事实，发现专有名词转化为普通名词具有以下三个特点：第一，专有名词本身词义概念的二元性是普通化现象产生的语义基础和前提条件；第二，专有名词普通化现象体现了语言的经济性原则，这也是对现有的语言资源的有效利用。第三，专有名词所指专名事物与普通化的专有名词所指普通事物之间存在概念上的邻接关系，可以通过转喻视角化机制实现向对方范畴的转化。专有名词普通化现象能产生含蓄典雅、形象生动的语用效果。

This paper is designed to probe into the generalization of proper nouns in English from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Through the analysis of relevant linguistic facts, it is found that the conversion of proper nouns into common nouns has the following three characteristics: First, token concept and type concept of proper nouns are the semantic bases and prerequisites of the generalization. Second, the generalization of proper nouns embodies the economy principle of language, which is also an effective use of existing language resources. Third, there exists a relation of contiguity between the things denoted by proper nouns and the things denoted by generalized proper nouns, and the former can be transformed into the latter through metonymy perspectivization. This phenomenon can produce implicit, elegant and vivid pragmatic effects.

H314.2

湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划课题（ND210620）