要素优化组合的不充分使得我国农村土地要素市场仍面临土地利用不集约、资本下乡不畅通、“地—业”供需不匹配等问题，综合河南孟楼镇、江西余江区以及浙江德清县在农地流转、宅基地改革和集体经营性建设用地入市的探索与实践表明，“强权、纾困、增值”是新时代农村土地要素市场改革的主基调。通过“产权+治权”联动“强权”可以激活主体与要素市场，通过制度“松绑+创新”进行“纾困”可以加速要素整合，通过“地—业”匹配“增值”可以形成土地溢价和产业振兴的双赢局面。因此，深化农村土地要素市场化改革，应重视“人—地—钱—业”要素的有效组合，强化乡村治理，提升各类主体参与乡村土地管理的主动性；创新体制机制，提升下乡资本驱动土地溢价效果；推进制度联动改革，促进“地—业”相融。

Due to the insufficiency of the optimal combination of factors, there are still some problems in China’s rural land factor market, such as the inadequacy of intensive land use, the inaccessibility of the flow of capital to the countryside, and the mismatch between supply and demand of “land-industry”. “Power strengthening, difficulty relief and value accretion” are still the keynotes of the rural land market reform in the new era, which is shown by the exploration and practice of the agricultural land transfer, the rural homestead reform and the commercialization of the collective-operating construction land in Menglou Town in Henan Province, Yujiang District in Jiangxi Province and Deqing County in Zhejiang Province. The subject and factor market could be activated by strengthening power through the linkage of property rights and governance; factor integration could be accelerated by relieving difficulty through institutional deregulation and innovation; and a win-win situation of land premium and industrial revitalization could be created by value accretion through the land-industry matching. Therefore, in order to deepen the market-oriented reform of rural land factors, the effective combination of “people, land, money, industry” elements should be promoted, the rural governance should be strengthened, the initiative of various entities in participating in rural land management should be stimulated, the system and mechanism should be innovated, the effect of the rural capital in driving land premium should be enhanced, the institutional linkage reform should be furthered, and the integration of land and industry should be accelerated.

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国家社会科学基金一般项目（22BJY248）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目（2021JM-111）