借助行动者网络理论，以蚂蚁金服为例选取快捷支付、余额宝及农村金融业务模式构建行动者网络，分析其从支付起家到入局金融再到开拓农村金融市场的过程，借以打开蚂蚁金服金融科技创新的“科技黑箱”。研究发现，蚂蚁金服的金融科技创新包含了金融创新、科技创新和监管创新的不同特质，农村普惠金融具有公共产品的特征，金融科技的进步有助于打破农村地区发展普惠金融存在的包容性和可持续性悖论。在农村地区利用金融科技发展普惠金融需要相当规模的金融科技企业构建强大的行动者网络，需要政府介入给予财政支持、适度监管和信用背书，推动金融科技真正服务“三农”群体。

By using the theory of actor networks and taking Ant Financial as an example, an actor network has been constructed based on fast payment, Yu’E bao, and rural financial business models, and the process from starting the net payment to entering the financial market and then to exploiting the rural financial market has been analyzed, thus to open up the “technology black box” of Ant Financial’s technology innovation. The study shows that the financial technology innovation of Ant Financial includes different characteristics of financial innovation, technological innovation, and regulatory innovation. Rural inclusive finance has the characteristics of public goods, and the blossom of financial technology helps to break the paradox of inclusiveness and sustainability in the development of inclusive finance in rural areas. To develop inclusive finance in rural areas by virtue of Fintech, a powerful actors network should be built by a large group of Fintech enterprises, and financial support, moderate regulation, and credit endorsement should be regulated by government to promote financial technology to truly serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

国家自然科学基金面上项目（72073043）