农业的弱质性、风险性、基础性与公益性等特点使得农业“卡脖子”技术呈现出技术、经济与社会的多维内涵及特征。这决定了农业“卡脖子”技术复杂多元的形成逻辑：既有旧模式与新阶段内生性矛盾的制度逻辑和强公共物品性的属性逻辑，也有风险高、收益低的经济逻辑和长期忽视基础研究的政策逻辑。基于农业“卡脖子”技术的多维内涵，本文遵循“技术本质→市场响应→战略价值”的渐进识别路径构建了农业“卡脖子”技术三阶段漏斗式识别框架并就中国农业作存在性判断，结果表明，中国在农业种业、农业机械、智慧农业三大领域均不同程度地存在“卡脖子”技术。据此提出应构建“体制创新-机制优化-主体协同-基础强化”四位一体的系统方案应对农业“卡脖子”技术问题。

The characteristics of agriculture, such as its vulnerability, riskiness, fundamental nature, and public welfare attribute, endow agricultural “chokepoint” technologies with multi-dimensional connotations and features in terms of technology, economy, and society. This determines the complex and diverse formation logic of agricultural “chokepoint” technologies: there are not only the institutional logic of the endogenous contradictions between the old model and the new model and the attribute logic of strong public goods attribute, but also the economic logic of high risks and low returns and the policy logic of long-term neglect of basic research. Based on the multi-dimensional connotations of agricultural “chokepoint” technologies, the study constructs a three-stage funnel-shaped identification framework to assess the existing problems of agricultural “chokepoint” technologies according to a progressive identification path of “technological essence→market response→strategic value”. The research shows that there are “chokepoint” technologies in three major fields: agricultural seed industry, agricultural machinery, and smart agriculture. To address the agricultural “chokepoint” technology issues, it is proposed to construct an integrated four-pillar system encompassing institutional innovation, mechanism optimization, multi-agent coordination and infrastructure enhancement.

F303.2

湖南省社科重大项目（242WA10）