如何将广大分散的农民组织起来，是全面推进中国式现代化需要解决的重要命题。将农民组织起来，既包括纵向把农民组织到国家治理体系，又包括横向让农民自我组织起来，共同调节乡村生产生活事务。国家纵向组织和社会横向组织共同构成将农民组织起来的基本事实。在国家纵向组织增强而社会横向组织弱化背景下，山镇在“两代表一委员”下沉过程中形成了“纵向激活横向”实践，通过资源嵌入增强利益联结机制、服务嵌入拓展情感共振机制、治理嵌入强化权责连带机制，将分散的农民横向组织起来，促进国家纵向组织与社会横向组织均衡发展，推动国家在乡村社会进行有效治理。“纵向激活横向”是有效组织农民的路径之一，但要想真正将农民组织起来还需要建构“统分结合、互构互动”的纵横发展模式。

Organizing China’s vast and scattered farmers is a pivotal proposition for the comprehensive advance of Chinese modernization. Such organization has a dual orientation: vertically, it involves incorporating farmers into the state’s governance system; horizontally, it entails enabling farmers to self-organize so that they can co-manage rural production and everyday affairs. Together, state-driven vertical organization and society-driven horizontal organization constitute the basic fact for organizing farmers.Amid a context in which national vertical organizations have been strengthened while social horizontal organizations have weakened, Shan town, during the sinking process of the “two representatives and one committee member”, has pioneered a practice it terms “vertical activation of the horizontal”. By embedding resources to reinforce interest-linkage mechanisms, embedding services to broaden emotional-resonance mechanisms, and embedding governance to fortify rights-and-responsibilities mechanisms, the town has succeeded in horizontally organizing previously dispersed farmers. This approach balances state vertical organizations with social horizontal organizations, thereby enhancing the state’s capacity for effective governance in rural society. “Vertical activation of the horizontal” is but one pathway for organizing farmers, to achieve genuine and sustained mobilization, it remains necessary to construct a vertical-and-horizontal development paradigm characterized by integration and differentiation as well as mutual construction and interaction.

C912.82

国家社会科学基金一般项目（21BZZ033）