社会救助的扩围增效旨在扩张制度覆盖面，持续增强社会救助的减贫作用及其长效机制。在我国现阶段城乡低保覆盖面持续收缩趋势下，推动社会救助范围向低收入家庭延伸和解决“应救未救”问题是健全分层分类社会救助体系的重点。根据社会救助扩围增效的“制度–执行–个体”框架和制度过程视角，扩围增效的对象类型可以归纳为沉默型、临界型、急难型和支出型等四类困难家庭。从政策路径上，制度层面要建立健全低收入标准及其测定方法、完善家庭经济状况认定的豁免规则和构建多维困难指标体系下的优先救助机制；在执行层面，要推进主动发现机制建设、试点开展社会救助强制报告、扩大动态监测预警范围和规范基层自由裁量程序；在个体层面，要实施诚信承诺申领机制、促进困难家庭社会融入并引导社会力量参与。

Expanding the coverage of social assistance is key to promoting common prosperity for low-income families and building hierarchical and classified social assistance system. According to the theoretical framework and institutional process perspective, the types of target groups that need to expand the coverage of social assistance can be classified into four types of needy families: silent, critical, urgent and expenditure. Based on policy path perspective, the research outlook is to establish and improve the low-income standard and verify system at the institutional level, perfect the exemption rules for mean-test method, and construct a priority assistance mechanism under a multidimensional poverty indicator. At the implementation level, the public sector should to promote the construction of a proactive detection mechanism for social assistance and pilot implementation of mandatory reporting for social assistance, expand the scope of dynamic monitoring and early warning for low-income families, and standardize administrative discretionary procedures. At the individual level, it is necessary to implement a social assistance integrity commitment application mechanism, promote the integration of families into society and guide social forces to participate in assistance.

D632.1

国家社科基金青年项目（24CSH127）