随着乡村社会基础的日益衰微，国家权力启动新一轮的乡村建设运动，推动权威、规则和资金等正式治理资源进入乡村社会，重塑了基层治理的基础性秩序。通过对基层治理模式的理论追溯，结合湖北省S镇人居环境整治项目实践的典型案例，从治理机制、治理规则、治理资源和治理主体四个维度构建理解当前基层治理转型的解释框架，这一与传统复合治理模式相区分的治理逻辑可归结为“新复合治理”。基于这种新型治理模式的分析发现，乡镇政府能够借助自上而下的政治势能实现治理机制的集中和统合，将过去惯用的非正式治理资源纳入正式治理过程之中，强化公共权力行使的约束、规制和监督，依托项目统筹整合出完成中心工作所需的正式治理资源，推动多元主体对正式治理结构的分层嵌入和有序整合，从整体上呈现出并轨政治的运作逻辑。

As the traditional social foundations of rural society continues to weaken, the Chinese state has launched a new wave of rural construction initiatives, channeling formal governance resources—such as authority, regulations, and funding—into the countryside and thereby reshaping the foundations of grassroots governance. Drawing on a review of governance theory and a case study of the rural living environment improvement project in S Town, Hubei Province, this study constructs an analytical framework to explain the transformation of grassroots governance in four dimensions: governance mechanisms, rules, resources, and actors. The findings identify a governance logic distinct from traditional models of “compound governance”, which can be conceptualized as “new composite governance”. Under this model, township governments leverage top-down political momentum to centralize and integrate governance mechanisms, incorporate informal resources into formal governance processes, and enhance the regulation and supervision of public power. Through project-based coordination, local governments integrate formal governance resources and promote the layered embedding and orderly collaboration of multiple actors within formal structures. This transformation demonstrates a convergent political logic characterized by the synchronization of administrative and political governance systems.

C912.82；D035.5

浙江省哲学社会科学规划常规课题（24NDJC020YB）；教育部人文社会科学研究项目（24YJC810005）