本文基于2011—2023年中国31个省域面板数据，聚焦要素协同配置视角，实证检验数据要素赋能农业现代化的效应及机制。结果表明：数据要素能够显著促进农业现代化，尤其对投入现代化、产出现代化和社会现代化的驱动作用显著，但对生态现代化呈现短期微弱负向效应。从协同机制看，数据要素能引导资本精准配置和缓解经营主体融资约束，提升劳动者数字技能和加速技术采纳，与资本要素和劳动力要素形成正向协同；但受土地细碎化经营、流转数字化不足等制约，对土地要素呈现负向影响。异质性分析显示，数据要素赋能效应存在区域差异：东部地区绝对驱动作用突出，而中西部和东北地区因农业基础薄弱，“追赶效应”更为显著；低农业现代化地区数据要素边际效应更高，高数字基础设施地区数据价值释放更充分。

Based on panel data from 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2011 to 2023, the effects and mechanisms of data factors empowering agricultural modernization have been empirically examined from the perspective of factor synergistic allocation. The results show that data factors can significantly promote agricultural modernization, particularly exerting a prominent driving effect on input modernization, output modernization and social modernization. But they exhibit a weak short-term negative effect on ecological modernization. From the perspective of the synergistic mechanism, data factors can guide the precise allocation of capital, alleviate the financing constraints of operating entities, improve the digital skills of laborers and accelerate technology adoption, forming positive synergy with capital factors and labor factors. However, restricted by fragmented land operation and insufficient digitalization of land transfer, data factors exert a negative impact on land factors. Heterogeneity analysis reveals regional differences in the empowering effect of data factors: the absolute driving effect is prominent in the eastern region, while the “catch-up effect” is more significant in the central, western regions and the northeast region due to their weak agricultural foundation; the marginal effect of data factors is higher in regions with low agricultural modernization whereas the value of data is more fully realized in regions with high digital infrastructure.

F49；F323

湖南省自然科学基金项目（2025JJ80308）