新中国成立以来，党领导农村集体经济组织的历程可以分为形成、转型和跃迁三个阶段。基于历史制度主义的分析范式，从结构变迁和历史变迁两个层面分析党领导农村集体经济组织的变迁逻辑。结构变迁层面，党领导农村集体经济组织受到不同历史阶段制度环境的规制，也受到农业农村相关政策变量的塑造及农民需求的直接影响；历史变迁层面，党在领导农村集体经济组织的过程中存在路径依赖和渐进变迁，也出现了建立统分结合的双层经营体制、颁布实施农村集体经济组织法等“关键节点”。基于此，可以发现党在领导农村集体经济组织变迁过程中体现了集体性、公共性和稳健性，这对农村集体经济组织未来发展具有重要的启示作用。党领导农村集体经济组织的过程本质上是政党适应性调整的过程，这种适应性既是基于自身先进性的能动式适应，也是基于人民立场的使命型适应，这样的鲜明品格为农村集体经济组织变迁及农业农村现代化提供了根本政治保证。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the evolution of rural collective economic organizations in China under the leadership of the CPC can be divided into three stages: formation, transformation, and upgrading. Based on a dual analytical framework integrating structural and historical transformation dimensions, the study seeks to explain the underlying logic of institutional change. Structuallly, the leadership of the CPC over rural collective economic organizations is shaped by changing institutional environments across historical periods, as well as by agricultural policy configurations and the evolving needs of rural households. Historically, the process exhibits characteristics of path dependence and incremental change, punctuated by critical junctures, including the establishment of the dual- management system combining collective and household operations, and the recent enactment of legislation governing rural collective economic organizations. The findings suggest that Party leadership has consistently emphasized collectivity, public orientation, and institutional stability, which together form the core principles guiding organizational evolution. These features provide important insights into the future development of rural collective economic organizations. The process of the CPC leading rural collective economic organizations is essentially a process of the political party’s adaptive adjustment. This adaptability is reflected both in capacity-driven adjustments in response to changing governance conditions and in mission-oriented responsiveness to societal needs. Such adaptive governance provides a fundamental political support for the transformation of rural collective economic organizations and the modernization of agriculture and rural China.

D267.2；F321.32

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目、江苏省社科基金重点项目（24ZXZA011）