进入资源下乡时代，示范村创建成为自上而下介入村庄发展与治理的重要手段，但是在实践中却出现示范村创建的“盆景化”现象。结合制度约束与主体能动，构建“权责分立—策略应对”的分析框架，并借助广西Y村的案例对示范村的推广困境作出解释。研究发现，权力集中配置带来控制权向上收束，乡镇治权弱化加剧职责压力超载，以及行政吸纳下的村庄主体性缺失，导致围绕示范村创建出现纵向治理结构的权责分立。适应制度结构约束，县级政府、乡镇政府以及村庄社会分别采取制造竞争、强化优势以及聚集符号的行动策略应对，由此村庄间的发展分化累积叠加，示范村创建资源向重点村庄倾斜的路径惯性难以破解。为此，需要回归行政理性原则，保障一线治理弹性，重构资源下乡责任配置，提升示范村创建的政策效能。

As state-led resource mobilization increasingly penetrates rural China, model village programs have emerged as a key instrument of top-down intervention in local development and governance. However, in practice, their implementation is often marked by a “bonsai effect”, whereby success remains localized, symbolic, and difficult to scale. Integrating institutional constraints with actor agency, this study develops an analytical framework of authority- responsibility decoupling and strategic responses and employs a case study of Village Y in Guangxi Autonomous Region to explain the diffusion dilemma of model village programs. The study finds that the centralized allocation of power leads to an upward concentration of control, while the erosion of township governance capacity generates responsibility overload. Simultaneously, the administrative incorporation of villages weakens village-level agency. These dynamics jointly produce a structural decoupling of authority and responsibility within vertical governance arrangements surrounding model village initiatives. In response to these institutional constraints, county governments, township governments, and village communities adopt differentiated strategies, including competition-making, advantage reinforcement, and symbolic aggregation. These strategies cumulatively exacerbate inter-village disparities and reinforce the path dependence of resource concentration in selected “model” villages, thereby hindering broader policy diffusion. To address these challenges, it is necessary to restore administrative rationality, enhance front-line governance flexibility, reconfigure responsibility allocation in resource distribution, and ultimately improve the effectiveness of model village policies.

D422；C912.82

国家社会科学基金青年项目（25CZZ007）