小农经济现代化是农业农村现代化的关键，但其固有的结构性困境长期制约着转型进程。本文以湘西H村冰糖橙产业集群为例，融合集群治理理论，构建“组织嵌入—技术赋能—利益联结—风险缓冲”的分析框架，系统探讨产业集群推动小农经济现代化的实践逻辑。研究发现，产业集群通过构建协同治理机制，依托组织化载体整合分散农户的生产能力，有效衔接小农户与大市场，推动小农经济向规模化、集约化、品牌化和高附加值方向转型。具体而言，组织嵌入为多元主体协同提供制度保障，技术赋能为技术扩散提供组织化路径，利益联结促成激励相容的分配机制，风险缓冲确保治理体系的系统韧性。四个维度相互关联、层层递进，有效破解了小农经济的结构性困境，推动小农经济现代化发展。

The modernization of the smallholder economy is the key to the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, but its inherent structural constraints have long restricted the transformation process. Using the rock sugar orange industry cluster in Village H, western Hunan as an example, this study integrates cluster governance theory, an analytical framework of “organizational embedding-technological empowerment-interest linkage-risk buffering” has been constructed, and the practical logic through which industrial clusters promote the modernization of the smallholder economy has been systematically explored. The study shows that by establishing a collaborative governance mechanism and consolidating the production capacity of scattered smallholders through organized platforms, industrial clusters effectively bridge smallholder farmers with large markets, and promote scalable, intensive, branded, and high-value-added development of smallholder economy. Specifically, organizational embedding provides institutional guarantee for the collaboration of multiple subjects, technological empowerment offers an organized path for technology diffusion, interest linkage fosters an incentive-compatible distribution mechanism, and risk buffering ensures the systematic resilience of the governance system. These four dimensions are interrelated and progressive, effectively breaking the structural constraints of smallholder economy and promoting the modernization of smallholder economy.

F326.13；D668

国家社会科学基金一般项目（24BMZ024）；国家社会科学基金青年项目（21CSH043）