乡村振兴战略的纵深推进对社会工作参与乡村治理提出迫切需求，但专业介入往往陷入与乡土社会之间的“悬浮”困境。以H省W县S村为典型案例，构建“结构性嵌入—关系性调适”的双维互构分析框架，系统探讨社会工作参与乡村振兴的实践困境及其深层机理。研究发现，困境根源在于结构性嵌入失灵与关系性调适失效的相互强化，表现为制度错位、文化张力与信任悬浮。进而，社会工作通过双维互构机制逐步走出困境，其运作路径呈现为“信任积累—绩效彰显—制度认可—专业共生”的递进链条。具体而言，即通过“串门工作法”与集体仪式激活等关系性调适策略积累村民信任，将信任转化为可感知的服务绩效，并经由制度化翻译争取制度认可，最终在能力共生与权威让渡中实现专业与乡土的双向赋能，形成结构促进关系、关系反哺结构的良性循环。这一过程系统揭示了社会工作从“项目嵌入”走向“专业共生”的微观机制，为优化其参与乡村振兴的实践路径提供了理论参照与政策启示。

The in-depth advancement of the Rural Revitalization Strategy has generated an urgent need for social work participation in rural governance. However, professional intervention often falls into a state of “suspension” within local rural society. Taking S Village in W County, H Province, as a case study, this paper constructs a dual-dimensional analytical framework of “structural embeddedness–relational adjustment” to systematically examine the practical dilemmas and underlying mechanisms of social work participation in rural revitalization. The findings indicate that these dilemmas stem from the mutually reinforcing failures of structural embeddedness and relational adjustment, manifested as institutional dislocation, cultural tension, and suspended trust. In response, social work gradually navigates out of these difficulties through a dual-dimensional interactive mechanism. Its operational trajectory unfolds as a progressive chain: “trust accumulation–performance demonstration–institutional recognition–professional symbiosis.” Specifically, relational adjustment strategies—such as the “door-to-door visiting method” and the activation of collective rituals—help accumulate villagers’ trust. This trust is subsequently transformed into tangible service performance, which then gains institutional recognition through institutional translation. Ultimately, through capacity symbiosis and the delegation of authority, social work and local rural society achieve mutual empowerment, forming a virtuous cycle where structures facilitate relationships, and relationships, in turn, reinforce structures. This process systematically reveals the micro-level mechanism through which social work evolves from “project-based embeddedness” to “professional symbiosis”, offering both theoretical references and policy implications for optimizing the pathways of social work participation in rural revitalization.

C912.82；D422.6

湖南省社会科学评审委员会项目（XSP26YBZ219）；教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目（25YJA840008）