易地扶贫搬迁是破解贫困地区生存困境、阻断贫困代际传递的重大空间干预战略。本文基于8省16县1063户农户的三期平衡面板数据，构建多期双重差分模型，实证分析易地扶贫搬迁对农户内生发展能力的影响及其作用机制。研究表明，易地扶贫搬迁对农户内生发展能力具有显著的正向影响，且该效应随时间推移持续增强。机制检验发现，教育及医疗服务可及性改善是重要传导渠道。异质性分析显示，搬迁政策对60岁以下户主家庭、无大病成员家庭及高耕地禀赋家庭的促进效应更强，但整体上呈现出良好的普惠性和包容性。据此，建议健全常态化分类评估与动态监测预警机制，实施差异化精准扶持，持续优化安置区公共服务供给，以巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，夯实乡村振兴基础。

Poverty alleviation relocation is a major spatial intervention strategy designed to address the survival dilemmas in impoverished areas and break the inter-generational transmission of poverty. Based on three-period balanced panel data from 1063 farm households from 16 counties across 8 provinces, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of poverty alleviation relocation on farmers’ endogenous development capacity and its underlying mechanisms by constructing a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results show that poverty alleviation relocation has a significant positive effect on farmers’ endogenous development capacity, and this effect continues to strengthen over time. Mechanism tests reveal that improved access to education and medical services serves as important transmission channels. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the policy effect is more pronounced among households with heads under 60 years of age, households without members suffering from major illnesses, and households with higher cultivated land endowments. Overall, the relocation policy demonstrates favorable universality and inclusiveness. Accordingly, this paper recommends establishing a normalized categorized assessment and dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism, implementing differentiated and targeted support, and continuously optimizing the provision of public services in resettlement areas, so as to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and lay a solid foundation for rural revitalization.

F323.8

国家自然科学基金专项项目（72442020）